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OT Risk Assessment

OT Risk

Assessment

An Operational Technology (OT) Risk Assessment is a structured process to identify, evaluate, and prioritize cybersecurity risks threatening industrial control systems (ICS). It focuses on safeguarding physical operations, ensuring 24/7 availability, and protecting safety-critical infrastructure, rather than just protecting data integrity. It identifies vulnerabilities, such as legacy systems or unpatched devices, to prevent operational shutdowns or physical damage
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Key Aspects of OT Penetration Testing

Full OT asset discovery
Vulnerability identification and prioritisation
Baseline for compliance (e.g. NIS2, IEC 62443)
Board-ready insights into risk

Methodology

01

Discover

Identify assets and connected systems

02

Assess

Scan for vulnerabilities and compliance gaps

03

Prioritise

Rank issues by impact and likelihood

04

Report

Provide executive and technical outputs

Deliverables

01

OT asset inventory

02

Vulnerability & risk report

03

Prioritised remediation roadmap

04

Executive summary

Deliverables listed are provided as a guideline and will vary depending on the scope of work, agreed Statement of Work (SOW), and programme requirements.
CyInfra’s approach towards OT Risk Assessment is based on the IEC 62443-3-2 standard to divide systems into zones and conduits, bridging IT security with OT operational safety to ensure maximum uptime and safety for critical infrastructure. The Systematic approach of OT Risk Assessment is based on SACI ( Safety , Availability , Confidentiality and Integrity) Methodology and is aligned with IEC 62443-3-2 Methodology.
OT Security

Key Aspects OT Risk Assessment

Structured identification and segmentation of Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS) to establish a clear scope for cybersecurity assessment and risk mitigation.

01

System Under Consideration (SUC)

The assessment begins by identifying the OT Assets and establishing the boundaries of the IACS (Industrial Automation and Control Systems) to be secured.

02

Zone & Conduit Partitioning

Assets are grouped into zones based on risk, with conduits managing traffic between them to contain threats and limit lateral movement.

03

Assessment Approach

Uses a structured method to evaluate threat scenarios of each Zone and Conduit. Leverages our unique SACI Methodology to map threats and vulnerabilities to Safety, Availability, Confidentiality, and Integrity impact categories with risk scoring.

04

Target Security Level Identification

Risk scores and Threat Scenarios are used to establish the target security level (SL-T) for each zone and conduit.

05

Resulting Deliverables

The process leads to a Cybersecurity Requirement Specification (CRS) that guides the implementation of security measures to meet the desired Target Security Level (SL-T).

our assessments are conducted according to industry best practices and standards/frameworks such as ISO/IEC 62443 But we can tailor our Risk Assessment Approach based on the client’s choice of ISO/IEC 27001, NIST-CSF or any custom Regulation/Standards to meet clients’s requirements.
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Key Aspects of OT Penetration Testing

01

Focus on Safety and Uptime

Unlike traditional IT Penetration testing, which prioritizes data confidentiality, and is intrusive to network and systems , OT Penetration testing is carefully conducted to ensure zero disruption to production, machinery, and safety systems.

02

Scope

Covers specialized industrial equipment, legacy systems, and network protocols common in manufacturing, energy, and utility and other industrial sectors.

03

Methodology

Follows frameworks like MITRE ATT&CK for ICS ( Add link MITRE ATT&CK for ICS) to map techniques, including reconnaissance, initial access from IT networks, and exploiting control systems.

04

Deliverables

Provides a comprehensive report with risks, technical vulnerabilities, and actionable recommendations to secure the OT environment.

05

Purpose

Validates defenses and strengthens security against threats like ransomware spreading from IT to OT , Insecure Remote Access and various other threat scenarios applicable to ICS environment.

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